Comparativa de sistemas init
From Gentoo Wiki
Este artículo compara y contrasta init systems para sistemas operativos Unix-like, independientemente de si están disponibles para Gentoo o no. Vea el (meta) artículo init system para ver qué init systems están disponibles en Gentoo.
Tabla comparativa de init systems
| Característica | Sistema init | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sysvinit | OpenRC | systemd | SMF | launchd | Epoch | finit | runit | s6 + s6-rc | 66 + 66-rc | BSD rc.d | dinit | ||
| Soportado por Gentoo | parcialmente (usado por OpenRC) | Sí (predeterminado) | Sí | No | No | Sí | No | Sí | No | No | No | No | |
| Package / Bug# | sys-apps/sysvinit | sys-apps/openrc | sys-apps/systemd | - | - | sys-apps/epoch | - | sys-process/runit | sys-apps/s6 + sys-apps/s6-rc | - | - | - | |
| Plataformas con soporte | Linux / BSD | Linux + BSD | Linux | Solaris | Darwin | Linux | Linux | Linux / BSD / Darwin | Linux / BSD / Darwin | Linux | BSD | Linux / BSD / Darwin | |
| Lenguaje de programación principal | C | POSIX shell (+ C) | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | POSIX shell (+ C) | C++ | |
| Dependencias principales | - | init (sysv o BSD) | D-Bus | init(sysv?) | - | libc, /bin/sh | ? | - | skalibs, execline | s6, s6-rc | rcorder | - | |
| Formato del script/servicio init | un solo archivo de configuración | shell scripts | archivos de configuración (ini) | XML (+ shell scripts) | plist | uno o varios .conf | uno o varios .conf | shell scripts | execline o shell scripts | archivos config + fragmentos execline | shell scripts | archivos de configuración | |
| Configuración por servicio | No | Sí (conf.d) | Sí | Sí (service instances) | ? | Sí (v1.1+) | ? | No | No | Sí | No | Sí | |
| Lanzado como demonio | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (invoked) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (sys-apps/s6-linux-init) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | Sí (PID 1) | |
| Cross-service dependencies/events | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (basic support, v1.3+) | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Parallel service startup | Yes | Yes (optional) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Keeping daemons alive | Yes | Yes (optional v0.21+ via supervise-daemon) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Preferred service file supplier | n/a | Gentoo | upstream | Solaris | MacOS | n/a | n/a | Void Linux | Artix Linux | Obarun | NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD | Artix Linux, Chimera Linux | |
| License | GPL v2+ | 2-cl. BSD | LGPL v2.1+ | ? | Apache License 2.0 | Unlicense | MIT | BSD | ISC | ISC | BSD | Apache License 2.0 | |
OpenRC en comparación a systemd
| Característica | OpenRC | systemd |
|---|---|---|
| Filesystem mounting | One script per group (root, local, network, swap, etc.). | Two units per mount point (fsck + mount), runtime-generated with dependencies. |
| getty (terminal prompts) | Started through /etc/inittab or via agetty script | One unit per console, instantiated from template on-demand. |
| Networking setup | Several options like dhcpcd[1][2], netifrc, iwd, or NetworkManager.[3] | Integrated (systemd-networkd), or using any of the external options mentioned prior. |
| X11 Display Manager setup | Single service for all (required to auto-restart). | Separate Display Manager units. |
See also
- OpenRC — un sistema init basado en dependencias para sistemas Unix-like que mantiene la compatibilidad con el init system ya provisto por el sistema (see the openrc-init sub-article).
- Runit — lightweight process supervision suite, originally inspired by daemontools-inspired that offers fast and reliable service management.
- S6 and s6-rc-based init system — an init system built using components from the s6, s6-rc and s6-linux-init packages
- systemd — un sistema de inicio moderno al estilo de SysV y un reemplazo de rc para sistemas Linux.
- User:AdibSaad/66 — 66 + 66-rc guide. Warning: status of instructions unknown.
External resources
- s6 - Forum thread
- Forum thread
- openrc-init
- GNU shepherd - service manager for the GNU OS.
- Finit - Fast init for Linux systems.
- 66tools-overlay
- Dinit
- "Comparison of Dinit with other supervision / init systems" - by the developer of Dinit