Dhcpcd

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client Daemon （net-misc/dhcpcd）是一个能够处理 IPv4 和 IPv6 配置的流行 DHCP 客户端。

安装

USE 标记

USE flags for net-misc/dhcpcd A fully featured, yet light weight RFC2131 compliant DHCP client

+embedded	Embed the definitions of dhcp options in the dhcpcd executable
+udev	Enable virtual/udev integration (device discovery, power and storage device support, etc)
debug	Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
ipv6	Add support for IP version 6
privsep	Enable support for privilege separation

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-11-03 16:28 More information about USE flags

Emerge

使用以下命令安装dhcpcd：

root #emerge --ask net-misc/dhcpcd

配置

文件

所有 dhcpcd 配置都可以在 /etc/dhcpcd.conf 文件中设置，但如今大多数计算机都通过路由或运行 DHCP 服务的接入点连接网络，因此 dhcpcd 在大多数安装中可以开箱即用。如果需要高级配置，man 5 dhcpcd.conf 将会有所帮助。

静态IP地址

如果网络适配器需要配置静态IP地址，需要将相应数据添加到 /etc/dhcpcd.conf。 以下是编辑 DHCPCD 配置文件来手动添加静态地址、路由和 DNS 的示例：

文件 /etc/dhcpcd.conf

static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

IPv6 Prefix Request

文件 /etc/dhcpcd.confRequest a prefix for eth0.lan to be routed publicly with eth0.wan.

# Disable router solicitations for all interfaces, enable only for selected ones
noipv6rs
 
# Interface configuration for the ''wan'' vlan on the ''eth0'' interface
interface eth0.wan
  # Enable router solicitation for this interface
  ipv6rs
  # Request a normal address usins ''iaid'' 1 for interface ''eth0.wan''
  ia_na 1
  # Request a prefix using ''iaid'' 2 and assign it to the ''eth0.lan'' interface using ''sla_id'' 0
  ia_pd 2 eth0.lan/0

使用

调用

root #dhcpcd --help

usage: dhcpcd   [-146ABbDdEGgHJKLMNPpqTV]
                [-C, --nohook hook] [-c, --script script]
                [-e, --env value] [-F, --fqdn FQDN] [-f, --config file]
                [-h, --hostname hostname] [-I, --clientid clientid]
                [-i, --vendorclassid vendorclassid] [-j, --logfile logfile]
                [-l, --leasetime seconds] [-m, --metric metric]
                [-O, --nooption option] [-o, --option option]
                [-Q, --require option] [-r, --request address]
                [-S, --static value]
                [-s, --inform address[/cidr[/broadcast_address]]]
 [--inform6]            [-t, --timeout seconds] [-u, --userclass class]
                [-v, --vendor code, value] [-W, --whitelist address[/cidr]] [-w]
                [--waitip [4 | 6]] [-y, --reboot seconds]
                [-X, --blacklist address[/cidr]] [-Z, --denyinterfaces pattern]
                [-z, --allowinterfaces pattern] [--inactive] [interface] [...]
       dhcpcd   -n, --rebind [interface]
       dhcpcd   -k, --release [interface]
       dhcpcd   -U, --dumplease interface
       dhcpcd   --version
       dhcpcd   -x, --exit [interface]

作为一个服务运行

参考 Network management using DHCPCD.

一次性 DHCP

要为网络接口配置一次性 DHCP，使用以下命令：

root #dhcpcd eth0

确保将上述命令中的 eth0 替换为适当的网络接口名称。

Renew a lease

To renew the lease on eth0, --rebind or -n can be used:

root #dhcpcd -n eth0

Release a lease

To release a lease on eth0, --release or -k can be used:

root #dhcpcd -k eth0

故障排除

• dhcpcd not working for IPv6 (#CONFIG_PACKET is not set)
• 如果 /etc/resolv.conf 不使用 VPN 的 DNS 更新, 请考虑安装 net-dns/openresolv.

参考

• Gentoo Handbook - Network configuration - 手册中关于处理网络接口的建议。
• Netifrc — Gentoo's default framework for configuring and managing network interfaces on systems running OpenRC.
• Network management using DHCPCD
• Complete Handbook/Configuring the system#Networking information

外部资源

• Dhcpcd Arch 维基
• 论坛帖子: 更新到 dhcpcd 6.10.0 时无法访问 Internet
• DHCP 维基
• RFC 2131