Handbook:Alpha/Portage/Variables/fr
Configuration de Portage
Comme indiqué précédemment, Portage est configurable via de nombreuses variables qui doivent être définies dans /etc/portage/make.conf ou l'un des sous-répertoires de /etc/portage/. Reportez-vous aux pages de manuel de make.conf et de portage pour obtenir des informations plus complètes :
user $man make.conf
user $man portageOptions spécifiques de compilation
Les options de configure et du compilateur
Lorsque Portage compile des applications, il transmet le contenu des variables suivantes au compilateur et au script configure :
- CFLAGS et CXXFLAGS
- Définissent les options de compilation souhaitées pour la compilation des langages C et C ++.
- CHOST
- Définit les informations de l'hôte de compilation pour le script de configuration de l'application.
- MAKEOPTS
- Passée à la commande make et est généralement utilisée pour définir la quantité de parallélisme utilisée lors de la compilation. Plus d'informations sur les options make peuvent être trouvées dans la page de manuel de make.
La variable USE est également utilisée lors de la configuration et des compilations mais a été expliquée en détail dans les chapitres précédents.
Options d'installation
Lorsque Portage a installé une version plus récente d'un certain logiciel, il supprimera les fichiers obsolètes de l'ancienne version du système. Portage accorde à l'utilisateur un délai de 5 secondes avant la suppression de l'ancienne version. Ces 5 secondes sont définies par la variable CLEAN_DELAY.
Il est possible d'indiquer à emerge d'utiliser certaines options chaque fois qu'elle est exécutée en définissant EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS. Certaines options utiles seraient --ask, --verbose, --tree, et ainsi de suite.
Protection du fichier de configuration
Emplacements protégés de Portage
Portage écrase les fichiers fournis par les nouvelles versions d'un logiciel si les fichiers ne sont pas stockés dans un emplacement protégé. Ces emplacements protégés sont définis par la variable CONFIG_PROTECT et sont généralement des emplacements de fichiers de configuration. La répertoires sont délimités par des espaces.
A file that would be written in such a protected location is renamed and the user is warned about the presence of a newer version of the (presumable) configuration file.
To find out about the current CONFIG_PROTECT setting, use the emerge --info output:
user $emerge --info | grep 'CONFIG_PROTECT='More information about Portage's configuration file protection is available in the CONFIGURATION FILES section of the emerge manpage:
user $man emergeExclure des répertoires
To 'unprotect' certain subdirectories of protected locations users can use the CONFIG_PROTECT_MASK variable.
Options de téléchargement
Emplacements des serveurs
When the requested information or data is not available on the system, Portage will retrieve it from the Internet. The server locations for the various information and data channels are defined by the following variables:
- GENTOO_MIRRORS
- Defines a list of server locations which contain source code (distfiles).
- PORTAGE_BINHOST
- Defines a particular server location containing prebuilt packages for the system.
A third setting involves the location of the rsync server which users use to update their local Gentoo repository. This is defined in the /etc/portage/repos.conf file (or a file inside that directory if it is defined as a directory):
- sync-type
- Defines the type of server and defaults to
rsync. - sync-uri
- Defines a particular server which Portage uses to fetch the Gentoo repository.
The GENTOO_MIRRORS, sync-type, and sync-uri variables can be set automatically through the mirrorselect application. Of course, app-portage/mirrorselect needs to be installed first before it can be used. For more information, see mirrorselect's online help:
root #mirrorselect --helpIf the environment requires the use of a proxy server, then the http_proxy, ftp_proxy, and RSYNC_PROXY variables can be declared.
Commandes de téléchargement
When Portage needs to fetch source code, it uses wget by default. This can be changed through the FETCHCOMMAND variable.
Portage is able to resume partially downloaded source code. It uses wget by default, but this can be altered through the RESUMECOMMAND variable.
Make sure that the FETCHCOMMAND and RESUMECOMMAND store the source code in the correct location. Inside the variables the \${URI} and \${DISTDIR} variables can be used to point to the source code location and distfiles location respectively.
It is also possible to define protocol-specific handlers with FETCHCOMMAND_HTTP, FETCHCOMMAND_FTP, RESUMECOMMAND_HTTP, RESUMECOMMAND_FTP, and so on.
Paramètres de rsync
It is not possible to alter the rsync command used by Portage to update the Gentoo repository, but it is possible to set some variables related to the rsync command:
- PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS
- Sets a number of default variables used during sync, each space-separated. These shouldn't be changed unless you know exactly what you're doing. Note that certain absolutely required options will always be used even if PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS is empty.
- PORTAGE_RSYNC_EXTRA_OPTS
- Used to set additional options when syncing. Each option should be space separated:
--timeout=<number>- This defines the number of seconds an rsync connection can idle before rsync sees the connection as timed-out. This variable defaults to
180but dialup users or individuals with slow computers might want to set this to300or higher. --exclude-from=/etc/portage/rsync_excludes- This points to a file listing the packages and/or categories rsync should ignore during the update process. In this case, it points to /etc/portage/rsync_excludes.
--quiet- Reduces output to the screen.
--verbose- Prints a complete filelist.
--progress- Displays a progress meter for each file.
- PORTAGE_RSYNC_RETRIES
- Defines how many times rsync should try connecting to the mirror pointed to by the SYNC variable before bailing out. This variable defaults to
3.
For more information on these options and others, please read man rsync.
Configuration de Gentoo
Choix de la branche
It is possible to change the default branch with the ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable. It defaults to the architecture's stable branch. More information on Gentoo's branches can be found in the next chapter.
Fonctionnalités de Portage
It is possible to activate certain portage features through the FEATURES variable. The Portage features have been discussed in previous chapters.
Comportement de Portage
Gestion des ressources
With the PORTAGE_NICENESS variable users can augment or reduce the nice value Portage will use while running. The PORTAGE_NICENESS value is added to the current nice value of Portage.
For more information about nice values, see Portage niceness and the nice man page:
user $man niceComportement de sortie
The NOCOLOR variable, which defaults to false, defines if Portage should disable the use of colored output.