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Puppet is a configuration management system written in Ruby. It can be used for automating machine deployments.

Installation

Currently, there is no distinction between server and client, so the basic installation procedure is the same for both.

USE flags

USE flags for app-admin/puppet A system automation and configuration management software

`augeas`	Enable augeas support
`diff`	Enable diff support
`doc`	Add extra documentation (API, Javadoc, etc). It is recommended to enable per package instead of globally
`emacs`	Add support for GNU Emacs
`hiera`	Enable hiera support
`ldap`	Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
`rrdtool`	Enable rrdtool support
`selinux`	!!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
`shadow`	Enable shadow support
`sqlite`	Add support for sqlite - embedded sql database
`test`	Enable dependencies and/or preparations necessary to run tests (usually controlled by FEATURES=test but can be toggled independently)
`vim-syntax`	Pulls in related vim syntax scripts

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-10-26 15:15 More information about USE flags

Emerge

Install app-admin/puppet:

root #emerge --ask app-admin/puppet

Configuration and setup

Puppet is mainly configured through /etc/puppet/puppet.conf in an INI-style format. Comments are marked with a hash sign (#).

The configuration file is separated into several sections, or blocks:

[main] contains settings that act as a default for all parts of Puppet, unless overridden by settings in any of the following sections:
- [master] is used for settings applying to the Puppetmaster (puppet master), or CA tool (puppet cert)
- [agent] is used for settings applying to the Puppet agent (puppet agent)

A more in-depth explanation, as well as a list of further blocks used is available in the official Puppet documentation. Also, there is a list of all configuration options, some of which of course make only sense when applied to either server or client.

Server (Puppetmaster) setup

The default configuration put by the ebuild into puppet.conf can be used as-is. For Puppet 2.7.3, the server-related parts look like this:

FILE /etc/puppet/puppet.confServer-related default configuration

[main]
    # The Puppet log directory.
    # The default value is '$vardir/log'.
    logdir = /var/log/puppet
  
    # Where Puppet PID files are kept.
    # The default value is '$vardir/run'.
    rundir = /var/run/puppet
  
    # Where SSL certificates are kept.
    # The default value is '$confdir/ssl'.
    ssldir = $vardir/ssl

Setting up the file server

To be able to send files to the clients, the file server has to be configured. This is done in /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf. By default, there are no files being served.

FILE /etc/puppet/fileserver.confSetting the files share

[files]
    path /var/lib/puppet/files
    allow 192.168.0.0/24

The snippet above sets up a share called files (remember this identifier, as it will need to be referenced later), looking for files in /var/lib/puppet/files and only available for hosts with an IP from the 192.168.0.0/24 network. Any of the IP addresses, CIDR notation, and host names (including wildcards like *.domain.invalid) can be used here. The deny command can be used to explicitly deny access to certain hosts or IP ranges.

Starting the puppetmaster daemon

Informacja
It is recommended that the Puppetmaster is reachable from the clients using the host name puppet. However, the name can be overridden, which of course causes configuration effort.

Ważne
At this point, the host name as seen from the clients should be the same as the output of hostname -f. To achieve this, the /etc/hosts file might have to be adjusted, or a new certificate can be created manually as explained below.

With the basic configuration as well as an initial file server configuration, we can start the Puppetmaster daemon using its OpenRC init script:

root #rc-service puppetmaster start

During the first start, Puppet generates an SSL certificate for the Puppetmaster host and places it into the directory configured through the ssldir variable, as configured above.

It listens on Port 8140/TCP, make sure that there are no firewall rules obstructing access from the clients.

A simple manifest

Manifests, in Puppet's terminology, are the files in which the client configuration is specified. The documentation contains a comprehensive guide about the manifest markup language.

As a simple example, let's create a message of the day (motd) file on the client. On the puppetmaster, create a file inside the files share created earlier:

FILE /var/lib/puppet/files/motdMOTD file on the server

Welcome to this Puppet-managed machine!

Then, we have to create the main manifest file in the manifests directory. It is called site.pp:

FILE /etc/puppet/manifests/site.ppMain manifest on the server

node default {
  file { '/etc/motd':
    source => 'puppet:///puppet/files/motd'
  }
}

The default node (the name for a client) definition is used in case there is no specific node statement for the host. We use a file resource and want the /etc/motd file on our clients to contain the same thing as the motd file in the files share on the host puppet. If the puppetmaster is only reachable using another host name, adapt the source URI accordingly.

Client configuration

Ważne
The client must have the same major and minor version as the Puppetmaster. Using a 2.7.1 Puppetmaster with 2.7.2 clients is fine, but using 2.6 for the server and 2.7 for clients can cause unexpected issues at any time.

Informacja
If the puppetmaster is not reachable via puppet, set server=<the hostname> to the actual host name in /etc/puppet/puppet.conf in the [main] section.

During the first execution of the Puppet agent, wait for the certificate to be signed by the puppetmaster. To request a certificate, and execute the first configuration run, execute:

root@client #puppet agent --test --waitforcert 60

info: Creating a new certificate request for client
info: Creating a new SSL key at /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/client.pem
notice: Did not receive certificate

Before the client can connect, authorize the certificate request on the server. The client should appear in the list of nodes requesting a certificate:

root@server #

puppet cert --list

client

Now, we grant the request:

root@server #

puppet cert --sign client

The client will check every 60 seconds whether its certificate has already been issued. After that, it continues with the first configuration run:

info: Caching catalog for client
info: Applying configuration version '1317317379'
notice: /Stage[main]//Node[default]/File[/etc/motd]/ensure: defined content as '{md5}30ed97991ad6f591b9995ad749b20b00'
notice: Finished catalog run in 0.05 seconds

When this message pops up, all went well. Now check the contents of the /etc/motd file on the client:

user@client $

cat /etc/motd

Welcome to this Puppet-managed machine!

OpenRC

Start the puppet agent as a deamon and have it launch on boot:

root@client #

rc-service puppet start

root@client #

rc-update add puppet default

systemd

Conversely, when running systemd:

root@client #

systemctl start puppet

root@client #

systemctl enable puppet

Other topics

Manually generating certificates

To manually generate a certificate, use the puppet cert utility. It will place all generated certificates into the ssldir defined directory as set in the puppet configuration and will sign them with the key of the local Puppet Certificate Authority (CA).

An easy case is the generation of a certificate with only one Common Name:

root #puppet cert --generate host1

If the certificate has to be valid for multiple host names, use the --certdnsnames parameter and separate the additional host names with a colon:

root #puppet cert --generate --certdnsnames puppet:puppet.domain.invalid host1.domain.invalid

This example will generate a certificate valid for the three listed host names.

Refreshing agent certificates

This is the process used to manually refresh agent certificates.

(on master)
root #puppet cert clean ${AGENT_HOSTNAME}
(on agent)
root #rm /etc/puppet/ssl/{certs,certificate_requests}/${AGENT_HOSTNAME}.pem
- This will cause the Puppet agent to regenerate the CSR with the existing SSL key.
- The old certificate is no longer valid, as it was nuked on the master.
- When one of the above steps is forgotten, an error will pop up about the certificate mis-matching between agent and master.
- To replace the SSL keys (optional):
  root #rm /etc/puppet/ssl/{public,private}_keys/${AGENT_HOSTNAME}.pem
(on agent)
root #puppet agent --onetime --no-daemonize --verbose --test --waitforcert 30
- When using auto-signing, no further steps are needed.
(on master)
root #puppet cert list ${AGENT_HOSTNAME}
Verify that the fingerprint listed in the previous two outputs matches
(on master)
root #puppet cert sign ${AGENT_HOSTNAME}
(on agent)
root #puppet agent --onetime --no-daemonize --verbose --test

Managing slots with puppet

While the default portage provider in puppet does support slots there are puppet modules available which also have this functionality.

For instance, with app-admin/puppet version 4.6.0 and higher, and/or app-admin/puppet-agent, the slot functionality is supported like to:

CODE Defining an absent slotted package

package { 'dev-lang/python:3.3': ensure => absent }

Additional modules are:

Zobacz również

Puppet module for Gentoo

External resources