Manual de Gentoo: Alpha/Instalación/Arranque

Alpha Handbook
Installation
About the installation
Choosing the media
Configuring the network
Preparing the disks
The stage file
Installing base system
Configuring the kernel
Configuring the system
Installing tools
Configuring the bootloader
Finalizing
Working with Gentoo
Portage introduction
USE flags
Portage features
Initscript system
Environment variables
Working with Portage
Files and directories
Variables
Mixing software branches
Additional tools
Custom package repository
Advanced features
OpenRC network configuration
Getting started
Advanced configuration
Modular networking
Wireless
Adding functionality
Dynamic management

Making a choice

Now that the kernel is configured and compiled and the necessary system configuration files are filled in correctly, it is time to install a program that will fire up the kernel when the system is started. Such a program is called a bootloader.

Several bootloaders exist for Linux/Alpha. Choose one of the supported bootloaders, not all. We document aBoot and MILO.

Default: Using aBoot

Nota
aboot only supports booting from ext2 and ext3 partitions.

First install aboot on the system

root #emerge --ask sys-boot/aboot

The next step is to make the bootdisk bootable. This will start aboot when booting the system. We make our bootdisk bootable by writing the aboot bootloader to the start of the disk.

root #swriteboot -f3 /dev/sda /boot/bootlx

root #abootconf /dev/sda 2

Nota
When using a different partitioning scheme than the one used throughout this chapter, the commands need to be changed accordingly. Please read the appropriate manual pages (man 8 swriteboot and man 8 abootconf). Also, if the root filesystem is ran using the JFS filesystem, make sure it gets mounted read-only at first by adding ro as a kernel option.

Although aboot is now installed, we still need to write a configuration file for it. aboot only requires one line for each configuration, so we can do this:

root #echo '0:2/boot/vmlinux.gz root=/dev/sda3' > /etc/aboot.conf

If, while building the Linux kernel, an initramfs was build as well to boot from, then it is necessary to change the configuration by referring to this initramfs file and telling the initramfs where the real root device is at:

root #echo '0:2/boot/vmlinux.gz initrd=/boot/initramfs-genkernel-alpha-6.6.21-gentoo root=/dev/sda3' > /etc/aboot.conf

Additionally, it is possible to make Gentoo boot automatically by setting up some SRM variables. Try setting these variables from Linux, but it may be easier to do so from the SRM console itself.

root #cd /proc/srm_environment/named_variables

root #echo -n 0 > boot_osflags

root #echo -n '' > boot_file

root #echo -n 'BOOT' > auto_action

root #echo -n 'dkc100' > bootdef_dev

Of course substitute dkc100 with whatever the boot device is.

To get in the SRM console again in the future (to recover the Gentoo install, play with some variables, or whatever), just hit Ctrl+C to abort the automatic loading process.

When installing using a serial console, don't forget to include the serial console boot flag in aboot.conf. See /etc/aboot.conf.example for some further information.

Aboot is now configured and ready to use. Continue with Rebooting the system.

Alternative: Using MILO

Before continuing, decide on how to use MILO. In this section, we will assume that a MILO boot floppy will be created. When booting from an MS-DOS partition on the hard disk, change the commands appropriately.

To install MILO, we use emerge.

root #emerge --ask sys-boot/milo

After MILO has been installed, the MILO images should be in /opt/milo/. The commands below make a bootfloppy for use with MILO. Remember to use the image for the right Alpha-system.

root #fdformat /dev/fd0

root #mformat a:

root #mcopy /opt/milo/milo-2.4-18-gentoo-ruffian a:\milo

root #mcopy /opt/milo/linload.exe a:\linload.exe

If the Alpha system is a Ruffian:

root #mcopy /opt/milo/ldmilo.exe a:\ldmilo.exe

Finally, finish off with:

root #echo -ne '\125\252' | dd of=/dev/fd0 bs=1 seek=510 count=2

The MILO boot floppy is now ready to boot Gentoo Linux. It may be necessary to set environment variables in the ARCS Firmware to get MILO to start; this is all explained in the MILO-HOWTO with some examples on common systems, and examples of the commands to use in interactive mode.

Not reading the MILO-HOWTO is a bad idea.

Now continue with Rebooting the system.

Rebooting the system

Exit the chrooted environment and unmount all mounted partitions. Then type in that one magical command that initiates the final, true test: reboot.

(chroot) livecd #exit

livecd~#cd

livecd~#umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}

livecd~#umount -R /mnt/gentoo

livecd~#reboot

Do not forget to remove the live image, otherwise it may be targeted again instead of the newly installed Gentoo system!

Once rebooted in the fresh Gentoo environment, it is wise to finish with Finalizing the Gentoo installation.

← Installing tools Home Finalizing →