Handbuch:MIPS/Portage/Variablen

MIPS Handbuch
Installation
Über die Installation
Auswahl des Mediums
Konfiguration des Netzwerks
Vorbereiten der Festplatte(n)
Installation des Stage Archivs
Installation des Basissystems
Konfiguration des Kernels
Konfiguration des Systems
Installation der Tools
Konfiguration des Bootloaders
Abschluss
Arbeiten mit Gentoo
Portage-Einführung
USE-Flags
Portage-Features
Initskript-System
Umgebungsvariablen
Arbeiten mit Portage
Dateien und Verzeichnisse
Variablen
Mischen von Softwarezweigen
Zusätzliche Tools
Eigener Portage-Tree
Erweiterte Portage-Features
Netzwerk-Konfiguration
Zu Beginn
Fortgeschrittene Konfiguration
Modulare Vernetzung
Drahtlose Netzwerke
Funktionalität hinzufügen
Dynamisches Management

Portage-Konfiguration

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist Portage über viele Variablen konfigurierbar, die in /etc/portage/make.conf oder einem der Unterverzeichnisse von /etc/portage/ definiert werden sollten. Bitte lesen Sie die make.conf und portage Manpages für weitere und vollständige Informationen:

user $man make.conf

user $man portage

Build-spezifische Optionen

Configure und Compiler-Optionen

Wenn Portage Anwendungen baut, übergibt es den Inhalt der folgenden Variablen an den Compiler und das configure Skript:

CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS

Define the desired compiler flags for C and C++ compiling.

CHOST

Defines the build host information for the application's configure script

MAKEOPTS

Passed to the make command and is usually set to define the amount of parallelism used during the compilation. More information about the make options can be found in the make man page.

Die USE-Variable wird auch bei configure und Kompilierungen verwendet, wurde aber bereits in den vorherigen Kapiteln ausführlich erklärt.

Merge-Optionen

When Portage has merged a newer version of a certain software title, it will remove the obsoleted files of the older version from the system. Portage gives the user a 5 second delay before unmerging the older version. These 5 seconds are defined by the CLEAN_DELAY variable.

It is possible to tell emerge to use certain options every time it is run by setting EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS. Some useful options would be --ask, --verbose, --tree, and so on.

Schutz von Konfigurationsdateien

Portage geschützte Orte

Portage overwrites files provided by newer versions of a software title if the files aren't stored in a protected location. These protected locations are defined by the CONFIG_PROTECT variable and are generally configuration file locations. The directory listing is space-delimited.

Eine Datei, die in einen solchen geschützten Speicherort geschrieben würde, wird umbenannt, und der Benutzer wird über das Vorhandensein einer neueren Version der (mutmaßlichen) Konfigurationsdatei gewarnt.

Um sich über die aktuelle CONFIG_PROTECT-Einstellung zu informieren, verwenden Sie die emerge --info Ausgabe:

user $emerge --info | grep 'CONFIG_PROTECT='

Weitere Informationen über den Schutz von Portage's Konfigurationsdateien finden Sie im Abschnitt CONFIGURATION FILES in der emerge Manpage:

user $man emerge

Verzeichnisse ausschließen

Um den Schutz bestimmter Unterverzeichnisse geschützter Orte aufzuheben, können Benutzer die Variable CONFIG_PROTECT_MASK verwenden.

Download-Optionen

Server-Standorte

Wenn die angeforderten Informationen oder Daten nicht im System verfügbar sind, wird Portage sie aus dem Internet abrufen. Die Serverstandorte für die verschiedenen Informations- und Datenkanäle werden durch die folgenden Variablen definiert:

GENTOO_MIRRORS

Defines a list of server locations which contain source code (distfiles).

PORTAGE_BINHOST

Defines a particular server location containing prebuilt packages for the system.

Eine dritte Einstellung betrifft den Ort des rsync-Servers, den Benutzer verwenden, um ihr lokales Gentoo-Repositorium zu aktualisieren. Dieser wird in der Datei /etc/portage/repos.conf definiert (oder in einer Datei innerhalb dieses Verzeichnisses, wenn es als Verzeichnis definiert ist):

sync-type

Defines the type of server and defaults to rsync.

sync-uri

Defines a particular server which Portage uses to fetch the Gentoo repository.

The GENTOO_MIRRORS, sync-type, and sync-uri variables can be set automatically through the mirrorselect application. Of course, app-portage/mirrorselect needs to be installed first before it can be used. For more information, see mirrorselect's online help:

root #mirrorselect --help

If the environment requires the use of a proxy server, then the http_proxy, ftp_proxy, and RSYNC_PROXY variables can be declared.

Fetch commands

When Portage needs to fetch source code, it uses wget by default. This can be changed through the FETCHCOMMAND variable.

Portage is able to resume partially downloaded source code. It uses wget by default, but this can be altered through the RESUMECOMMAND variable.

Make sure that the FETCHCOMMAND and RESUMECOMMAND store the source code in the correct location. Inside the variables the \${URI} and \${DISTDIR} variables can be used to point to the source code location and distfiles location respectively.

It is also possible to define protocol-specific handlers with FETCHCOMMAND_HTTP, FETCHCOMMAND_FTP, RESUMECOMMAND_HTTP, RESUMECOMMAND_FTP, and so on.

Rsync settings

It is not possible to alter the rsync command used by Portage to update the Gentoo repository, but it is possible to set some variables related to the rsync command:

PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS

Sets a number of default variables used during sync, each space-separated. These shouldn't be changed unless you know exactly what you're doing. Note that certain absolutely required options will always be used even if PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS is empty.

PORTAGE_RSYNC_EXTRA_OPTS

Used to set additional options when syncing. Each option should be space separated:

--timeout=<number>

This defines the number of seconds an rsync connection can idle before rsync sees the connection as timed-out. This variable defaults to 180 but dialup users or individuals with slow computers might want to set this to 300 or higher.

--exclude-from=/etc/portage/rsync_excludes

This points to a file listing the packages and/or categories rsync should ignore during the update process. In this case, it points to /etc/portage/rsync_excludes.

--quiet

Reduces output to the screen.

--verbose

Prints a complete filelist.

--progress

Displays a progress meter for each file.

PORTAGE_RSYNC_RETRIES

Defines how many times rsync should try connecting to the mirror pointed to by the SYNC variable before bailing out. This variable defaults to 3.

For more information on these options and others, please read man rsync.

Gentoo configuration

Branch selection

It is possible to change the default branch with the ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable. It defaults to the architecture's stable branch. More information on Gentoo's branches can be found in the next chapter.

Portage features

It is possible to activate certain portage features through the FEATURES variable. The Portage features have been discussed in previous chapters.

Portage behavior

Resource management

With the PORTAGE_NICENESS variable users can augment or reduce the nice value Portage will use while running. The PORTAGE_NICENESS value is added to the current nice value of Portage.

For more information about nice values, see Portage niceness and the nice man page:

user $man nice

Output behavior

The NOCOLOR variable, which defaults to false, defines if Portage should disable the use of colored output.

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