KDE

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A KDE egy szabad szoftverközösség, amely számos alkalmazást készít, köztük a népszerű Plasma asztali környezetet.

A Gentoo támogatása a KDE projekt számára kiváló, magában foglalja a KDE keretrendszert, a Plasma és Applications teljes körű csomagolását, valamint számos egyéb, KDE-alapú szoftvert.

Előfeltételek

Profile

Important
Olvassa el a relevant documentation dokumentációt, mielőtt bármilyen profilváltoztatást végezne.

Egy megfelelő profil kiválasztása, bár nem kötelező, de ajánlott, mivel számos globális és csomagspecifikus USE jelölőzászlót beállít az egyszerűbb telepítés érdekében, és biztosítja a zökkenőmentes KDE-élményt.

A legmegfelelőbb profil kiválasztása érdekében először listázza ki, hogy milyen lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre:

root #eselect profile list

  ...
  [21]  default/linux/amd64/23.0 (stable)
  [22]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/systemd (stable)
  [23]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop (stable)
  [24]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/systemd (stable)
  [25]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/gnome (stable)
  [26]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/gnome/systemd (stable)
  [27]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/plasma (stable)
  [28]  default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/plasma/systemd (stable)
  ...

Ezután válassza ki a megfelelő profilt, cserélje ki az X karaktert az aktuális profil számával:

root #eselect profile set X

A Plasma asztali környezethez válassza a desktop/plasma opciót OpenRC init rendszerrel vagy a desktop/plasma/systemd opciót systemd init rendszerrel. Vegye figyelembe, hogy a profil által beállított USE jelölőzászlók kombinációitól eltérőek technikailag lehetségesek lehetnek (különösen akkor, ha kiválasztott alkalmazásokat futtatnak a teljes KDE Plasma asztali környezet helyett), de ezek nem biztos, hogy támogatottak, teszteltek, vagy váratlan funkcióvesztéshez vezethetnek.

Kombinált megerősített profilok

Azok a felhasználók, akik megerősített (hardened) profilokat futtatnak, szintén kombinálhatják ezt a plasma asztali profil összes funkciójával. Az ehhez szükséges lépésekért kövesse a KDE/Hardened_KDE_Plasma_profile útmutatót.

Szolgáltatások

Az ezekhez a szolgáltatásokhoz tartozó alapértelmezett választások automatikusan bekerülnek – a következő fejezetek telepítési lépései révén –, az előzőekben kiválasztott profil profilnak megfelelően, de az első KDE Plasma indítás előtt még megfelelően be kell állítani őket. Az alapértelmezésektől való eltéréshez ajánlott ezeket a szolgáltatásokat a KDE Plasma vagy a KDE Gear telepítése előtt a emerge --oneshot parancs használatával telepíteni, hogy a Portage figyelembe vehesse őket. Kövesse a hivatkozásokat az ezeknek a szolgáltatásoknak a beállításáról szóló információkért.

Munkamenet-követő

Válasszon pontosan egyet az alábbiak közül:

elogind: Önálló logind szoftvercsomag, amely az alapértelmezett a desktop/plasma profilhoz, a systemd projektből lett kivonva, hogy használható legyen az OpenRC init rendszerrel vagy más init rendszerekkel.
systemd: A systemd munkamenet-követő részét használja. A systemd felhasználóinak itt nincs szükségük további lépésekre.

Eszközkezelő

Tip
By default, systemd-utils is used on OpenRC systems, and systemd is used on systemd systems. Users who don't want to change providers should skip this step.

Choose exactly one of:

udev: Enables support for udev Linux dynamic and persistent device naming.
systemd: Uses the device manager part of systemd. Users of systemd do not need to take any other initiative here.

Miscellaneous

D-Bus: Enables use of the D-Bus message bus system.
PipeWire: PipeWire is used for sound as well as screensharing and window previews on Wayland.
polkit: Enables the polkit framework for controlling privileges for system-wide services.
udisks: Enables support for some storage related services.

X server

Read and follow the instructions in the X server article to setup the X environment.

Wayland

In Plasma 6, Wayland is the default session. Many users have been shifted to a Wayland session without even realizing.

Starting from Plasma 6.2.1 in Gentoo, kde-plasma/plasma-login-sessions controls the default Plasma session via USE flags:

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-login-sessions KDE Plasma login sessions

`+wayland`	Install Wayland session file for Display Managers
`X`	Install X11 session file for Display Managers (default is Wayland if both enabled)

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2025-04-24 22:16 More information about USE flags

Users can set X or wayland on this package if they wish to control the default.

For Plasma 6, have a system with applicable VIDEO_CARDS USE expand settings and kernel with DRMs (Direct Rendering Manager) enabled for Mesa. KWin, the window manager and Wayland compositor, uniquely falls back to low performance software Rendering if unsatisfied.

Plasma

Plasma 6 is the current generation of KDE's desktop environment, based on Qt 6 and KDE Frameworks 6.

Available versions

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Plasma 6.2.5	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-6.2.5	gentoo	Stable for amd64 and arm64; testing for ppc64, riscv and x86
KDE Plasma 6.3.4	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-6.3.4	gentoo	Testing for amd64, arm64, ppc64, riscv and x86
KDE Plasma 6.3 stable branch	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-6.3.49.9999	KDE	Live version
KDE Plasma 6 master branch	kde-plasma/plasma-meta-9999	KDE	Live version

Note
Before proceeding, make sure to choose a Plasma profile.

Installation

USE flags

The kde-plasma/plasma-meta package provides the full Plasma desktop, configurable by a wealth of USE flags:

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 6 packages

`+browser-integration`	Enable integration with Chrome/Firefox with browser extensions
`+crash-handler`	Pull in kde-plasma/drkonqi for assisted upstream crash reports
`+display-manager`	Pull in a graphical display manager
`+elogind`	Enable session tracking via sys-auth/elogind
`+firewall`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-firewall for system firewall administration
`+kwallet`	Enable support for KWallet auto-unlocking via kde-plasma/kwallet-pam
`+networkmanager`	Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
`+sddm`	Pull in the x11-misc/sddm display manager and system settings module
`+smart`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-disks for disk health monitoring
`+wallpapers`	Install wallpapers for the Plasma Workspace
`accessibility`	Add support for accessibility (eg 'at-spi' library)
`bluetooth`	Enable Bluetooth Support
`colord`	Enable kde-plasma/kwin color management via x11-misc/colord
`crypt`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-vault for encrypted vaults integration
`cups`	Add support for CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)
`discover`	Pull in resources management GUI; a centralised GHNS alternative and optional sys-apps/fwupd frontend
`flatpak`	Pull in kde-plasma/flatpak-kcm for flatpak permissions administration
`grub`	Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/grub
`gtk`	Enable Breeze widget style and system settings module for GTK+
`oxygen-theme`	Pull in Oxygen icons, sound theme and visual style for KDE Plasma
`plymouth`	Pull in Breeze theme for sys-boot/plymouth
`pulseaudio`	Install Plasma applet for PulseAudio volume management
`qt5`	Pull in required packages for seamless integration of KF5/Qt5-based applications
`rdp`	Enables RDP/Remote Desktop support
`sdk`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-sdk for Plasma development
`systemd`	Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
`thunderbolt`	Pull in kde-plasma/plasma-thunderbolt control center module
`unsupported`	Allow packages that are known to ruin runtime experience DO NOT FILE BUGS WITH THIS ENABLED
`wacom`	Pull in kde-plasma/wacomtablet control center module
`webengine`	Use kde-apps/khelpcenter to access the locally installed KDE Help System Handbook

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2025-04-24 22:16 More information about USE flags

Emerge

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/plasma-meta

Alternatively, kde-plasma/plasma-desktop provides a very basic desktop, leaving users free to install only the extra packages they require - or rather, figure out missing features on their own.

Warning
Please note that installing just kde-plasma/plasma-desktop will exclude important packages needed for KDE Plasma to function, such as kde-plasma/powerdevil (power management, suspend and hibernate options), kde-plasma/systemsettings, and many more. This package should be used with the understanding that additional packages will need to be installed to ensure a functioning environment. Do not expect support when using this package.

Starting Plasma

Display manager

SDDM (Simple Desktop Display Manager) is the recommended login manager and is pulled in automatically via kde-plasma/plasma-meta by default. This is the preferred option. Alternatively, LightDM can be used and pulled in by setting USE flag -sddm for kde-plasma/plasma-meta. Change the setting accordingly in /etc/conf.d/display-manager. Also, be sure to read through the SDDM page if further issues appear.

No display manager

Plasma can be started the old-fashioned way with startx, but extra care needs to be taken to ensure it gets a valid session.

FILE ~/.xinitrc

#!/bin/sh
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session startplasma-x11

When using Wayland, Plasma can be launched with dbus-run-session startplasma-wayland.

This can be added to a user's profile file which will be executed when logging in:

FILE ~/.profile

#!/bin/sh
dbus-run-session startplasma-wayland

Widgets

Many useful widgets are in the kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons package (already pulled in by kde-plasma/plasma-meta):

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdeplasma-addons

KWallet

Many users will be introduced to kde-frameworks/kwallet, Plasma's encrypted password storage, while adding a (wireless) network connection after login or adding E-Mail accounts in kde-apps/kmail.

For managing KWallets, importing and exporting passwords, there is kde-apps/kwalletmanager:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kwalletmanager

KWallet auto-unlocking

kde-plasma/kwallet-pam provides a mechanism to avoid being subsequently asked for access to kwallet after login.

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kwallet-pam

It requires the following setup:

For KWallet security, use classic blowfish encryption instead of GPG
Choose same password for login and kwallet
Configure a display manager with support for PAM - both x11-misc/sddm and x11-misc/lightdm fulfill that requirement:

FILE /etc/pam.d/sddmConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via SDDM

-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start

For unlocking on tty login (no display manager, or like gui-apps/tuigreet), edit /etc/pam.d/login accordingly. The user will need to specify the force_run parameter.

FILE /etc/pam.d/greetdConfig lines for KWallet PAM unlocking via Greetd

-auth           optional        pam_kwallet5.so
-session        optional        pam_kwallet5.so auto_start force_run

Note
For LightDM, /etc/pam.d/lightdm needs to be edited instead.

Note
If the filesystem containing a user's KWallet files is mounted by pam_mount upon logging on, it may be required to copy ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.salt to the same path on the root filesystem. Otherwise, PAM attempts to unlock KWallet before the home directory is available and fails. The file ~/.local/share/kwalletd/kdewallet.kwl which actually contains the encrypted KWallet passwords does not need to be copied.

Disabling KWallet

To disable the KWallet subsystem completely, edit the following file:

FILE ~/.config/kwalletrc

[Wallet]
Enabled=false

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts

ssh-agent scripts are located in /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/env and /etc/xdg/plasma-workspace/shutdown. Shutdown scripts require executable bit set because they are not sourced. The Keychain article provides more information about this.

Non-root user authentication for dialogs

Some KDE dialogs such as printers, adding wireless networks and adding users require administrator authentication. This is handled through sys-auth/polkit and operates independently from app-admin/sudo. By default in Gentoo, the root account is the only administrator, and so even if a user account can run root commands through sudo, authentication in these KDE dialogs will fail.

Adding wireless networks using net-misc/networkmanager is allowed by a polkit rule which is part of the Gentoo package and already allows access for every user in the group plugdev. For other dialogs the behavior must be configured manually: If all users of the group wheel are required to be administrators, create a copy of /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/50-default.rules starting with a number lower than 50, and edit the line return ["unix-user:0"] to the following:

FILE /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-wheel.rulesAdministrator wheel group

polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {
    return ["unix-group:wheel"];
});

The Polkit wiki page provides more details on rules configuration.

Run GUI applications with root privileges

Warning
It could be a very bad idea to start GUI applications with root privileges, versus adding the regular user to the relevant group or simply just running the command unprivileged. Only use kdesu when absolutely necessary.

KDE Plasma has a utility to start graphical programs with root privileges. It is provided by kde-plasma/kdesu-gui and is already pulled in by kde-plasma/plasma-meta. It requires Xorg, and only works within X^[1].

root #emerge --ask kde-plasma/kdesu-gui

It can be used by invoking kdesu either from KRunner or a terminal emulator:

user $kdesu <program-name>

A message dialog will be displayed prompting for the root password.

Note
Some applications such as kwrite, dolphin etc. refuse to be opened with kdesu for security reasons.

Note
{{{1}}}

Files

XDG standard directories are being used for KDE Plasma and KDE applications:

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.config) - Configuration files
$XDG_DATA_HOME (defaults to $HOME/.local/share) - Application data

Removal

The first step to remove KDE Plasma and its dependencies is to unmerge kde-plasma/plasma-meta. This will not yet remove any files from the installation, so the desktop environment will keep running:

root #emerge --ask --depclean --verbose kde-plasma/plasma-meta

In a next step it can be useful to scan /etc/portage directory for any KDE Plasma specific entries in package.mask, package.unmask and package.accept_keywords and clean them up.

Finally, run the command to uninstall any Plasma packages and their dependencies. It would make sense to quit any running Plasma session beforehand:

root #emerge --ask --depclean

Warning
Please note that this will not just remove KDE Plasma but also any other package not registered (or being depended on) in @world. Carefully read through the list of packages to be removed before continuing. Alternatively, run this command prior to unmerging of kde-plasma/plasma-meta to get an overview of already dangling packages on the system.

Applications

KDE Gear consists of various applications and supporting libraries based on Qt/KDE Frameworks.

Available versions

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Gear 24.12.3	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-24.12.3	gentoo	Stable for amd64 and arm64; testing for x86
KDE Gear 25.04 RC	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-25.03.90	KDE	Masked; testing for amd64, arm64 and x86
KDE Gear 25.04 stable branch	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-25.04.49.9999	KDE	Live version
KDE Gear master branch	kde-apps/kde-apps-meta-9999	KDE	Live version

KDE Gear is divided in the following meta packages:

Package name	Description
kde-apps/kdeaccessibility-meta	Accessibility applications and utilities.
kde-apps/kdeadmin-meta	Administrative utilities, which help in managing the system.
kde-apps/kdecore-meta	Basic applications such as file browser, editor, terminal emulator.
kde-apps/kdeedu-meta	Educational applications and games.
kde-apps/kdegames-meta	Standard desktop games.
kde-apps/kdegraphics-meta	Graphics applications such as image viewers, color pickers, etc.
kde-apps/kdemultimedia-meta	Audio and video playback applications and services.
kde-apps/kdenetwork-meta	Network applications and VNC services.
kde-apps/kdepim-meta	PIM applications such as emailer, addressbook, organizer, etc.
kde-apps/kdesdk-meta	Various development tools.
kde-apps/kdeutils-meta	Standard desktop utilities such as an archiver, a calculator, etc.

Installation

The kde-apps/kde-apps-meta package provides the full KDE Gear bundle:

root #emerge --ask kde-apps/kde-apps-meta

If not all the packages are required, one or several smaller meta packages from the list above may be picked instead. Alternatively, it is possible to set USE flags to reduce the number of applications installed by kde-apps/kde-apps-meta.

Localization

Plasma and Applications are shipping their localization per-package. Enable desired localization in System Settings.

KDE PIM

KDE PIM is a whole suite of applications to manage personal information including mail, calendar, contacts and more. It has several optional runtime dependencies to extend its functionality:

Virus detection: app-antivirus/clamav
Spam filtering: mail-filter/bogofilter or mail-filter/spamassassin

Frameworks

KDE Frameworks is a collection of libraries and software frameworks that provide the foundation for KDE Plasma and KDE Gear (applications), but may be leveraged by any Qt application.

As Frameworks are mostly libraries and provide little user functionality, it's not necessary to install them manually - the required packages will be pulled in automatically as dependencies.

Available versions

KDE	Gentoo	Ebuild repository	Status
KDE Frameworks 5.116.0	kde-frameworks/*-5.116.0	gentoo	Stable for amd64, arm64; testing for loong, ppc64, riscv and x86
KDE Frameworks 6.10.0	kde-frameworks/*-6.10.0	gentoo	Stable for amd64 and arm64 and ppc64; testing for riscv and x86
KDE Frameworks 6.12.0	kde-frameworks/*-6.12.0	gentoo	Testing for amd64, arm64, ppc64, riscv and x86
KDE Frameworks 6 (master) branch	kde-frameworks/*-9999	KDE	Live version

More KDE software

The most important KDE applications are in the Gentoo ebuild repository and many are located in the kde-apps and kde-misc categories.

Troubleshooting

Refer to the Troubleshooting sub-article.

External links

Hivatkozások

↑ https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=427912

[1] ttps://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=427912

[1]

KDE

Előfeltételek

Profile

Kombinált megerősített profilok

Szolgáltatások

Munkamenet-követő

Eszközkezelő

Miscellaneous

X server

Wayland

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-login-sessions KDE Plasma login sessions

Plasma

Available versions

Installation

USE flags

USE flags for kde-plasma/plasma-meta Merge this to pull in all Plasma 6 packages

Emerge

Starting Plasma

Display manager

No display manager

Widgets

KWallet

KWallet auto-unlocking

Disabling KWallet

SSH/GPG Agent startup/shutdown scripts

Non-root user authentication for dialogs

Run GUI applications with root privileges

Files

Removal

Applications

Available versions

Installation

Localization

KDE PIM

Frameworks

Available versions

More KDE software

Troubleshooting

See also

External links

Hivatkozások