Xfce
Citando a xfce.org: "Xfce es un entorno de escritorio ligero para sistemas operativos tipo Unix. Su objetivo es ser rápido y consumir pocos recursos del sistema, sin dejar de ser visualmente atractivo y fácil de usar."
Prerequisites
Selecting a profile
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.
Using the basic desktop profile will provide a good set of defaults for Xfce. Other profiles can be used, but this gives a good balance between dependencies and usability, all else aside. To select the desktop profile:
root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktopEvitar dependencias innecesarias
app-text/poppler y dev-util/cmake tienen +qt4 por defecto:
/etc/portage/package.use/xfceNo establecer los parámetros USE qt4 para poppler y cmakeapp-text/poppler -qt4
dev-util/cmake -qt4
Por supuesto, -qt4 también se puede configurar a nivel global en /etc/portage/make.conf, si se desea.
xfce4-notifyd
This is an optional step to install xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd in place of x11-misc/notification-daemon. Skip this section if the choice of notification daemon is unimportant.
Emerging xfce-base/xfce4-meta will pull in the virtual/notification-daemon dependency. This virtual dependency is designed to insure that Xfce will be provided with a notification-daemon, whatever suitable software the user chooses to fulfill this role.
By default, virtual/notification-daemon will satisfy this dependency by drawing in GNOME's x11-misc/notification-daemon package. Xfce users may prefer to use xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd, if a notification-daemon has not already been installed.
By installing xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd before emerging Xfce, the virtual package virtual/notification-daemon will use xfce4-notifyd, and pull in no other packages. Use the --oneshot option to avoid adding xfce4-notifyd to the world file:
root #emerge --ask --oneshot xfce-extra/xfce4-notifydNow proceed with the installation.
Instalación
USE flags
USE flags for xfce-base/xfce4-meta The Xfce Desktop Environment (meta package)
+svg
|
Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) |
archive
|
Install app-arch/xarchiver. |
calendar
|
Add support for calendars (not using mcal!) |
cdr
|
Add support for CD writer hardware |
editor
|
Install the app-editors/mousepad text editor. |
image
|
Install the media-gfx/ristretto image viewer. |
media
|
Install the media-video/parole media player. |
minimal
|
Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features) |
mpd
|
Install the media-sound/xfmpc MPD client. |
pulseaudio
|
Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire) |
remote-fs
|
Install the x11-misc/gigolo frontend to manage remote filesystem connections. |
search
|
Install the dev-util/catfish search tool frontend. |
upower
|
Enable power management support |
Emerge
Emerge xfce-base/xfce4-meta for a default set of Xfce packages, to get a reasonably complete desktop environment:
root #emerge --ask xfce-base/xfce4-meta
The xfce-base/xfce4-meta package will provide the following user-facing applications, plus some libraries and system software:
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-terms/xfce4-terminal | Terminal emulator that integrates well with Xfce, "friendlier" than the standard xterm program. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-panel | Desktop panel with application launchers, panel menus, a workspace switcher, and more. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-settings | Configuration system for the Xfce desktop environment, providing configuration dialogs and tools. |
| xfce-base/thunar | Thunar is Xfce's file manager. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-appfinder | Application finder. |
| xfce-base/thunar-volman | Manages removable media and drives. |
| xfce-base/tumbler | File previewer for Thunar. |
| xfce-base/xfce4-power-manager | An application to monitor and manage power usage (especially important for laptops). Choose maximum-performance or battery-saving modes. Adjust screen brightness and setup hibernate, suspend, and shutdown actions (i.e., when the lid is shut or buttons are pressed). Can warn when the battery reaches certain levels, or even turn off the machine. Includes panel plugins to display battery/charging status, and control brightness. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin | Volume control for the panel. media-sound/volumeicon may be an option for systems without pulseaudio. |
To see everything that is installed by xfce-base/xfce4-meta, see the dependency tab for that package on packages.gentoo.org.
Por supuesto, también es posible seleccionar únicamente los paquetes que se necesiten:
Aplicaciones adicionales
Existen un gran número de aplicaciones adicionales que forman parte de Xfce.
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| app-cdr/xfburn | CD burning application. |
| app-editors/mousepad | Lightweight text editor. |
| x11-themes/xfwm4-themes | Several window-manager themes. |
| xfce-extra/thunar-archive-plugin | Plugin for Thunar to work with archives; uses app-arch/file-roller. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-battery-plugin | Displays battery percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power levels, which can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when the battery is almost exhausted. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-mount-plugin | One-click mounting of devices listed in /etc/fstab. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-sensors-plugin | Monitor hardware sensors, such as CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more. |
| xfce-extra/xfce4-verve-plugin | A small command line embedded into the panel; quicker than opening up another terminal to run a command. |
This is just a partial selection of packages available in the Gentoo repository, see xfce-extra , or use eix (eix --category xfce-extra), to see packages from the xfce-extra category. See also https://www.xfce.org/projects/ for more information.
Las siguientes aplicaciones funcionan correctamente en Xfce en un entorno de escritorio básico.
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| x11-misc/alacarte | GNOME's menu editor works fine in Xfce. |
| x11-terms/tilda | Lightweight quake-style terminal emulator. |
Usage
Launching Xfce
Xfce can either be run from a terminal after login, launched automatically after login, or be started by a graphical display manager that will greet the user and ask for login details.
Iniciar Xfce sin gestor de pantallas
startx y startxfce4 son dos de las opciones fácilmente disponibles para iniciar Xfce sin utilizar un gestor de pantalla.
startx
Cuando use startx, cree un fichero ~/.xinitrc con el siguiente contenido:
~/.xinitrcIniciar xfce4 al invocar startxexec startxfce4
If experiencing authorization or permissions issues, see the troubleshooting section.
startxfce4
Para iniciar el escritorio Xfce4 simplemente escriba startxfce4 en la línea de órdenes y presione intro:
user $startxfce4Gestores de pantallas
Es posible utilizar un gestor de pantalla para iniciar Xfce. Por favor, consulte el artículo display manager para configurar un gestor de pantalla.
La mayoría de los gestores de pantallas utilizan ficheros
- .desktop para configurar las sesiones disponibles. El siguiente es un ejemplo de fichero desktop:
xfce4.desktopFichero desktop de Xfce4 para gestores de pantalla[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Xfce4
Comment=Utilice esta sesión para ejecutar Xfce 4 como entorno de escritorio
Exec=/usr/bin/startxfce4
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/xfce4_xicon1.png
Type=Application
El fichero desktop debe ser colocado en el lugar adecuado para el gestor de pantalla.
Configuración
Xfce es un entorno de escritorio y, como tal, se puede ajustar y adaptar a las necesidades de (casi) todos los usuarios. En esta sección, serán tratados una serie de aspectos populares (y otros no tanto).
Teclas de volumen
Instale xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed para manejar las teclas del volumen:
root #emerge --ask xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulsemedia-sound/tudor-volumed may be an option for systems not using pulseaudio.
Ejecute xfce4-keyboard-settings para enlazar las siguientes teclas:
- Botón volume up: amixer set Master 5%+
- Botón volume down: amixer set Master 5%-
- Botón mute: amixer set Master toggle
Temas consistentes GTK+ 3
Otra opción es utilizar el tema Greybird, que tiene soporte para GTK+ 2, GTK+ 3, xfwm4, emerald y metacity:
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/greybirdVaya al menú de Xfce -> Configuración -> Apariencia. O ejecute xfce4-appearance-settings. Seleccione «Greybird» de la lista de «Estilo».
Ahora las aplicaciones GTK+ 2 y GTK+ 3 deben tener un aspecto uniforme.
GTK client side decorations
XFCE by default disables GTK client side decorations. If one wishes to enable them, they can set GTK_CSD=1 environment variable. Apps like Firefox use client side decorations to hide their own title bar.
Otros temas
Otros temas disponibles en Portage que son compatibles con XFCE pueden obtenerse con la siguiente lista:
root #emerge --ask x11-themes/clearlooks-phenix x11-themes/gnome-themes-standard x11-themes/gtk-engines-aurora x11-themes/light-themes x11-themes/murrine-themes x11-themes/nimbus x11-themes/oxygen-molecule x11-themes/redhat-artwork x11-themes/shiki-colors x11-themes/tactile3 x11-themes/zukiniSolución de problemas
Habilitar el ajuste vertical de la ventana
La mayoría de los entornos de escritorio actuales disponen de una ventana vertical ajustada habilitada por defecto. Esto también se puede hacer en Xfce, pero no se realiza por defecto. Para habilitarlo, navegar a: Ajustes → Gestor de ventanas → Avanzado.
- Asegurarse de que la caja "Ajustar ventanas al borde de la pantalla" se ha marcado.
- Asegurarse de que las cajas bajo "Envolver espacios de trabajo cuando se alcance el borde de la ventana" se han deshabilitado. Esto interfiere con el ajuste vertical de las ventanas.
Una vez se han cambiado las cajas se debería poder arrastrar una ventana a lado izquierdo o derecho de la ventana lo cual debería causar que ésta cambie su ancho al 50% del ancho de la pantalla.
Se pueden definir atajos de teclado a través del comportamiento típico Super+← o Super+→. Navegar a Ajustes → Gestor de ventanas → Teclado.
Definir las acciones "Ajustar la ventana a la izquierda" y "Ajustar la ventana a la derecha" con las combinaciones de teclas Super+← y Super+→ respectivamente.
El mezclador de audio protesta porque falta el binario pavucontrol
Al hacer clic en el icono del altavoz (audio) en el panel y a continuación seleccionar Mezclador de audio... se muestra el mensaje "pavucontrol binary not found" (No se encuentra el binario pavucontrol).
La solución es instalar media-sound/pavucontrol:
root #emerge --ask media-sound/pavucontrolXfce4-screensaver unable to unlock
Xfce-screensaver uses gnome-keyring by default to authenticate. By applying the installation method above, gnome-keyring will not be pulled and pam will be unable to service the default configuration installed in /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver. Either pull gnome-keyring, otherwise the file should be modified to allow system-auth to be used on passwords:
/etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaverauth include system-auth
password include system-auth
Authorization or permissions issues
When experiencing authorization or permissions issues within xfce4 in an OpenRC profile (symptoms include being unable to open power manager and unable to suspend/hibernate) make sure that sys-auth/elogind is installed and properly configured, and that the elogind USE flag is globally enabled.
If launching with startx, replace the appropriate line in ~/.xinitrc with the following:
~/.xinitrcArrancar xfce4 de forma correcta cuando se lanza startxck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session xfce4-session
Dual-monitors get mirrored after monitor suspend
There are (at least) three ways to solve this issue. First is to save the display settings as the default monitor layout profile, then enable that profile as "new monitors connect". There's also the option to show a dialog whenever new monitors are detected, which will default to the profile instead of mirroring, when one is available. Navigate to Settings -> Display -> Advanced to find these options. Remember to configure the display settings before saving the first profile.
2nd way is to kill xfsettingsd after logging to the Xfce session. However this will also make some functionality unavailable, such as global hotkeys. A custom script can be created that kills the service, and add that to the autostarting applications list.
3rd is to have a custom script that can be executed via a .desktop icon on the desktop, panel, or ran manually each time the monitors are turned on.
Review the monitor IDs using the xrandr command.
The custom script could look something like the following:
~/bin/configuremonitors.shconfiguremonitors.shxrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --right-of DisplayPort-0 --auto
Véase también
- Desktop environment — provides a list of desktop environments available in Gentoo.
- Xfce Gentoo Guide - Una guía muy detallada de instalación y configuración. Lea esto para obtener todos los detalles relacionados con Gentoo.