Cinnamon

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Cinnamon es un entorno de escritorio moderno, pero con una interfaz tradicional que los usuarios de Gnome 2, LXDE y Xfce encontrarán familiar. Cinnamon ofrece excelentes prestaciones funcionales y gráficas. Es un proyecto derivado de Gnome Shell y desarrollado por Linux Mint. Está disponible para las arquitecturas amd64 y x86.

Cinnamon is a contemporary desktop environment with a traditional graphical interface. GNOME 2, LXDE, or Xfce users will find it familiar. Cinnamon has very good graphical and functional features. Forked from GNOME 3's GNOME Shell and developed for Linux Mint, it is available on Gentoo for the amd64 and x86 architectures. It does not currently support Wayland.^[1]

Instalación

Requisitos previos

Cinnamon puede funcionar perfectamente con o sin systemd. Para instalarlo sin dependencias de systemd, use eselect para cambiar a un perfil sin Gnome tal como default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop. Para instalarlo con systemd, use un perfil que incluya Gnome tal como default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd. La arquitectura y versión pueden ser diferentes en ambos casos.

Importante
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.

Obtenga la lista de los diversos perfiles de sistema:

root #eselect profile list

[1] default/linux/amd64/13.0
[2] default/linux/amd64/13.0/selinux
[3] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop
[4] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome
[5] default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd
etc.

OpenRC

Cuando use OpenRC, establezca el perfil de sistema adecuado:

root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop

También es posible usar el número asociado a cada perfil. En este caso, de acuerdo a la lista de perfiles de más arriba:

root #eselect profile set 3

Es recomendable leer las instrucciones en el artículo Gentoo Without Systemd

Systemd

Advertencia
Read the systemd documentation before changing to a systemd profile.

Para una instalación de Cinnamon con soporte para systemd, seleccione aquel perfil de escritorio GNOME que termine en systemd.

root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop/gnome/systemd

Nota
En los nombres de perfil, la arquitectura (amd64) y la versión (13) pueden variar en cada caso, pero la cadena deberá terminar en /gnome/systemd.

Xorg

Para que Cinnamon trabaje necesitará que Xorg se encuentre adecuadamente instalado y configurado. Asegúrese de ello antes de proceder con el resto de este artículo. De ser necesario, pruebe Xorg tal y como es detallado en la sección Usar startx en la guía de Xorg para Gentoo.

Internationalization

Cinnamon (como otras aplicaciones) está internacionalizado y soporta muchos idiomas (Linguas). Si no lo hizo durante la instalación inicial de Gentoo, asigne el valor de idioma adecuado a la variable LINGUAS en make.conf:

ARCHIVO /etc/portage/make.confConfiguración de make.conf con el código de idioma para español

LINGUAS="es" # o en, de, it, fr, etc.

USE flags

USE flags for gnome-extra/cinnamon A fork of GNOME Shell with layout similar to GNOME 2

`+eds`	Enable support for Evolution-Data-Server (EDS)
`+gstreamer`	Add support for media-libs/gstreamer (Streaming media)
`+networkmanager`	Enable net-misc/networkmanager support
`+nls`	Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities)
`gtk-doc`	Build and install gtk-doc based developer documentation for dev-util/devhelp, IDE and offline use
`internal-polkit`	Use Cinnamon's internal polkit agent instead of gnome-extra/polkit-gnome. This does not currently support multi-user fast switching.
`wayland`	Enable dev-libs/wayland backend

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-09-27 05:55 More information about USE flags

Find more information on Python targets by visiting the Python project's PYTHON TARGETS article.

Algunos ajustes USE como icu, pulseaudio y gnome-keyring, son requeridos por las dependencias de Cinnamon. Si no fueron incluidos todavía, permita que la orden emerge --ask gnome-extra/cinnamon cree o cambie package.use (o package.use/cinnamon, o package.use/otroNombreDeArchivo). Puede también configurar los ajustes USE manualmente.

Emerge

Finalmente, después de completar los pasos anteriores, ordene a Portage instalar Cinnamon:

root #emerge --ask gnome-extra/cinnamon

Nota
El tiempo de compilación para net-libs/webkit-gtk puede ser muy largo, especialmente en hardware antiguo. Sea paciente ¡Cinnamon lo vale!

Configuración del sistema

Before looking at the Cinnamon theming, configure the system to properly start Cinnamon at boot or upon user request, and enable the right privilege delegation settings so that end users can interact with the system in an intuitive manner.

Servicios

El siguiente conjunto de instrucciones muestra la configuración con OpenRC. Con systemd, use systemctl como es explicado en el artículo de systemd

OpenRC services

dbus y consolekit

El servidor Xorg y Cinnamon requieren los servicios dbus y consolekit , así que asegúrese de que ambos son iniciados en el arranque:

root #

rc-update add dbus default

root #

rc-update add consolekit default

Luego, inicie los servicios (no hay necesidad de reiniciar el sistema):

root #

rc-service dbus start

root #

rc-service consolekit start

NetworkManager

NetworkManager es una dependencia de Cinnamon y no es necesaria si la conexión fue configurada durante la instalación inicial de Gentoo. No debería ejecutarse simultáneamente con otro servicio de conexión. Si NetworkManager es deseado, asegúrese de desactivar otros programas de gestión o servicios de gestión de conexión antes de iniciarlo. Por ejemplo, si el sistema fue originalmente configurado usando los scripts netifrc de Gentoo, desactive esos servicios:

root #

rc-service net.eth0 stop

root #

rc-update del net.eth0 default

Nota
Cuando use sys-fs/udev las interfaces de red usarán Predictable Network Interface Names para nombrar las interfaces activas. Esto generará nombres como enp12s0, eno1, enp2s0, etc. Cuando use sys-fs/eudev, la bifurcación de udev para Gentoo que evita dependencias de systemd, la primera interface de red será nombrada usualmente como eth0.

Después de quitar otros servicios de red, agregué NetworkManager:

root #

rc-service NetworkManager start

root #

rc-update add NetworkManager default

Desactivando el applet de NetworkManager

Si no se usa NetworkManager, su applet puede ser desactivado como se explica en el artículo de Cinnamon en la wiki de Arch Linux. Copie /etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop a ~/.config/autostart/nm-applet.desktop, luego agregue el comando de desactivación y finalmente cambie los privilegios del archivo:

To disable the applet, go to System Settings -> Preferences -> Applets, find "Network Manager" and click the minus button.

Sudo

For an ordinary user to reboot or shutdown the system from Cinnamon, sudo is needed with some settings.

First install app-admin/sudo:

root #emerge --ask app-admin/sudo

Next modify the sudo configuration with the visudo command:

root #visudo

Visudo runs the default text editor to generate or update a sudoers file. Replace username in the text below with the username of each user that will be using Cinnamon:

ARCHIVO /etc/sudoers

username  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot
username  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/halt
username  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/poweroff
username  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown

Or for the wheel group:

ARCHIVO /etc/sudoers

%wheel  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot
%wheel  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/halt
%wheel  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/poweroff
%wheel  ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown

Polkit rules and actions

For an ordinary user to perform additional highly privileged actions from Cinnamon, policy kit must be configured. Use pkaction to get a list of actions; the names should be self-explanatory:

root #pkaction

org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power.backlight-helper
org.cinnamon.settings-users
org.cinnamon.settingsdaemon.datetimemechanism.configure
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Contacts
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Control
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Device.Control
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Firmware
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Location
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.Messaging
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.USSD
org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-network
org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wifi
etc.

The simplest way is to authorize all actions by only testing wheel group membership. Put a JavaScript file with a .rules extension in /etc/polkit-1/rules.d, named for example 55-allowing-all-actions.rules:

ARCHIVO /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/55-allowing-all-actions.rulesSetting general polkit rule

polkit.addRule (function (action, subject)
{
  if (subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
  {
    return polkit.Result.YES;
  }
});

To only authorize some actions, the action names must be iterated. For a wheel group user to suspend, hibernate, shutdown and restart the system, make a 55-allowing-actions.rules file like so:

ARCHIVO /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/55-allowing-actions.rulesSetting polkit rules

polkit.addRule (function (action, subject)
{
  if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate" ||
      action.id == "org.freedesktop.upower.suspend" ||
      action.id == "org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop" ||
      action.id == "org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart" &&
      subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
      {
        return polkit.Result.YES;
      }
});

Various actions can be added: those to change color profiles, use Nemo (Cinnamon files manager) as root, mount and eject media, set screen backlight, use network manager, change wallpaper, etc. Several polkit.addRule (function (action, subject){ … }); blocks can be used next to each other as well, and several files can be added.

Importante
/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-default.rules already exists. Newly created file(s) names should begin with a number bigger than 50, 55 for example, so they are processed after the 50-default.rules file. Do not make a file which would be processed before it, for instance one beginning with 45.

Iniciando Cinnamon

Si no usa un gestor de pantalla, cree el archivo .xinitrc en la carpeta de usuario, iniciando sesiones de ConsoleKit, D-Bus y Cinnamon:

ARCHIVO ~/.xinitrcCinnamon launch directive

exec ck-launch-session dbus-launch cinnamon-session

Luego, para iniciar Xorg y Cinnamon, ejecute startx después de iniciar sesión:

user $startx

With a display manager follow the display manager instructions.

Apariencia

Mint-X icons

Por defecto Cinnamon incluye los iconos Gnome.Los íconos Mint-X se encuentran en GitHub. Descargue, descomprima y coloque el paquete de iconos Mint-X en /usr/share/icons:

root #mv directorio/del/archivo/descomprimido/mint-x-icons-master/usr/share/icons/Mint-X /usr/share/icons/Mint-X

A continuación, genere un cache para ellos:

root #gtk-update-icon-cache /usr/share/icons/Mint-X

El nuevo paquete de íconos puede ser seleccionado en Centro de Control de Cinnamon. Los íconos de Mint-X son verdes, pero otros paquetes de íconos con diferentes colores pueden ser instalados también, como Mint-X-Grey o Mint-X-Orange. Asegúrese de generar un cache para ellos también.

Importante
Colored icons sets rely on Mint-X icon set: always install it, with or without colored icons sets.

Desktop icons text color

Nota
Desktop icons text color is now white in Cinnamon version 2.6.13, so this chapter applies to older Cinnamon versions… and remains a good introduction to Cinnamon theming.

An icon's text color in Cinnamon desktop is black by default, which is not always readable. The instructions to change this color depends on the GTK 3 version that the system is using. Get the currently used version with:

user $emerge --info x11-libs/gtk+

In GTK versions less than 3.13.3, this setting can only be changed system-wide. Change the text color by adding CSS rules to the /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk.css file (Adwaita is the default theme coming with GTK), after the @import line:

ARCHIVO /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk.cssCSS rules for GTK < 3.13.3

@import url("resource:///org/gnome/adwaita/gtk-main.css");
 
/* added css rules */
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item {
  color: #fff;  /* #fff is white web color indication, #333 should be dark grey */
}
 
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:selected {
  background-color: alpha (#fff, 0.2);  /* 0.2 is transparency level */
}

The 2^nd rule concerns the selected desktop icon and can be modified to get another background color or set the transparency.

In more recent GTK versions (3.13.3 onward), this must be tuned through a user-specific configuration file. Adwaita is now included in GTK as the theme replacing Raleigh, so rules must be set in the user's home directories. The file to edit is ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css (create ~/.config/gtk-3.0/ directory if needed), and the change is now without the @import line. Additionally in this example, the left Nemo side bar is gray colored:

ARCHIVO ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.cssCSS rules for GTK ≥ 3.13.3

.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item {
  color: #fff;
}
 
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:selected {
  background-color: alpha (#fff, 0.2);
}
 
NemoWindow .sidebar, NemoWindow .sidebar .view {
  background-color: #444;
  color: #eee; /* light grey */
}

Mint-X themes

Cinnamon comes with a default cinnamon theme, obviously... The Mint-X themes are available for download on GitHub. Download them, unzip, and copy to /usr/share/themes if needed. They can be selected in the Cinnamon Control Center.

Playing with themes

Almost all theme settings can be changed in the cinnamon.css file in the theme directory.

For example with the Cinnamon theme, which is not in /usr/share/themes but in /usr/share/cinnamon/theme, first copy the theme's directory to a user .themes sub-directory, named for example other-cinnamon, which will be the new theme name:

root #

mkdir /home/userName/.themes/other-cinnamon

root #

cp -R /usr/share/cinnamon/theme /home/userName/.themes/other-cinnamon/cinnamon

root #

chown -R userName:userName /home/userName/.themes/other-cinnamon

Edit ~/.themes/other-cinnamon/cinnamon/cinnamon.css. The results of the changes can be viewed immediately by selecting another theme in Cinnamon Control Center, then reselecting the theme being changed.

Common applications

Terminals

lxde-base/lxterminal - Requires no dependencies.
x11-terms/xfce4-terminal - Requires some dependencies but is better featured than lxde-base/lxterminal.
x11-terms/gnome-terminal - Doesn't require systemd if -nautilus and -gnome-shell USE flags are set for this package.

Gnome popular applications

A number of popular applications are available as well, built for Gnome and working flawlessly in Cinnamon:

standard calculator (gnome-extra/gnome-calculator)
screen copy utility (media-gfx/gnome-screenshot)
image viewer (media-gfx/eog)
PDF reader (app-text/evince)
system monitor (gnome-extra/gnome-system-monitor)
archive manager (app-arch/file-roller)
disk burning (app-cdr/brasero)
text editor (app-editors/gedit)

root #

emerge --ask gnome-extra/gnome-calculator media-gfx/gnome-screenshot media-gfx/eog app-text/evince gnome-extra/gnome-system-monitor app-arch/file-roller app-cdr/brasero app-editors/gedit

Applications without Gnome

Also working flawlessly in Cinnamon:

PDF readers app-text/mupdf and app-text/qpdfview
light text editor app-editors/leafpad
mp3 and video readers media-video/mpv and media-video/vlc

Compile app-text/qpdfview and media-video/vlc with qt5 USE flags to get a GUI.

Troubleshooting

If problems occur, try to get access to the live error messages. These can be displayed on a separate (virtual) terminal or in a log file. If the messages cannot be found, try starting Cinnamon from the command line rather than through a display manager. Alternatively have a look at /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

When the error or warning messages are not sufficient to troubleshoot Cinnamon, start it with the --debug parameter to get more detailed Xorg messages:

ARCHIVO ~/.xinitrcCinnamon debug launch

exec cinnamon-session --debug

If Cinnamon cannot launch, deleting (or renaming) .cinnamon in the home directory is not enough: other Cinnamon or Gnome items must be deleted (or renamed) too before X restarts. These can be found in the .cache, .config and .local XDG directories. .gnome2 can be deleted (or renamed) entirely.

Refresh rate

It's possible to set custom refresh rate via ~/.config/monitors.xml file. Replace <rate>60</rate> with preferred setting.

References

↑ https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon/issues/10787#issuecomment-1179489222

External resources

[1] ttps://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon/issues/10787#issuecomment-1179489222

[1]

Cinnamon

Contents

Instalación

Requisitos previos

OpenRC

Systemd

Xorg

Internationalization

USE flags

USE flags for gnome-extra/cinnamon A fork of GNOME Shell with layout similar to GNOME 2

Emerge

Configuración del sistema

Servicios

OpenRC services

dbus y consolekit

NetworkManager

Desactivando el applet de NetworkManager

Sudo

Polkit rules and actions

Iniciando Cinnamon

Apariencia

Mint-X icons

Desktop icons text color

Mint-X themes

Playing with themes

Common applications

Terminals

Gnome popular applications

Applications without Gnome

Troubleshooting

Refresh rate

See also

References

External resources