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Vim(Vi improved)은 vi 텍스트 편집기 기반의 텍스트 편집기입니다. 명령행 또는 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스의 독립 프로그램으로 사용할 수 있습니다.

Vim should not be confused with Neovim, a similar program which may be used in its place.

See also
The Vi article provides general information on vi-like editors. See the Vim guide for an introductory tutorial on vi-like editor usage. See the text editor article for general information on installing and configuring text editors in Gentoo.

설치

USE 플래그

USE flags for app-editors/vim Vim, an improved vi-style text editor

X	Link console vim against X11 libraries to enable title and clipboard features in xterm
acl	Add support for Access Control Lists
crypt	Use dev-libs/libsodium for crypto support
cscope	Enable cscope interface
debug	Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
gpm	Add support for sys-libs/gpm (Console-based mouse driver)
lua	Enable Lua scripting support
minimal	Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features)
nls	Add Native Language Support (using gettext - GNU locale utilities)
perl	Add optional support/bindings for the Perl language
python	Add optional support/bindings for the Python language
racket	Enable support for Scheme using dev-scheme/racket
ruby	Add support/bindings for the Ruby language
selinux	!!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
sound	Enable sound support
tcl	Add support the Tcl language
terminal	Enable terminal emulation support
vim-pager	Install vimpager and vimmanpager links

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-09-12 18:37 More information about USE flags

Emerge

X 윈도 시스템 지원 기능이 필요하지 않으면 app-editors/vim 꾸러미를 설치하십시오:

root #emerge --ask app-editors/vim

추가 프로그램

Gvim

ncurses 기반 인터페이스(터미널용 /usr/bin/vim)와 마찬가지로 그래픽 인터페이스(X 윈도우 시스템용 /usr/bin/gvim) vim을 설치하려면, app-editors/gvim 꾸러미를 설치하십시오:

root #emerge --ask app-editors/gvim

Packages

Vim has support for packages, which provide a native mechanism to extend functionality. Read the built-in packages documentation for more information: :help packages

플러그인

app-vim 분류 항목에는 여러가지 문법 정의, 플러그인, 다른 Vim 관련 기능이 있습니다.

app-vim 분류 항목에 있는 꾸러미를 간단하게 살펴보려면 emerge 또는 eix를 사용하십시오.

user $emerge --search "%@^app-vim"

user $eix -cC app-vim

Not all Vim plugins will be available in the Gentoo repository. Vim now includes native packages, as a way to install plugins, and there are also several plugin managers for Vim.

설정

파일

Vim은 사용자별 또는 시스템 전체 범위 설정 파일로 설정할 수 있습니다:

• /etc/vim/vimrc - 시스템 (전체) 영역 설정 파일.
• ~/.vimrc - 사용자별(로컬) 설정 파일. 틸데(~)는 사용자 자체 홈 폴더를 의미합니다.

Color schemes

About a dozen color schemes are shipped with the core Vim package. They can be listed in last line mode by typing colorscheme (followed by a space), then pressing either Ctrl+d or pressing the Tab key twice:

:colorscheme

blue       darkblue   default    delek      desert     elflord    evening    industry   koehler    morning    murphy     pablo      peachpuff  ron        shine      slate      torte      zellner

They can be changed in Vim by using the colorscheme (alternatively use colo) command while in last line mode:

:colorscheme peachpuff

Color schemes can be permanently applied in the .vimrc file. Note that the syntax on line is also needed for activation:

파일 ~/.vimrc

colorscheme peachpuff
syntax on

The first line sets the default color scheme while the last line activates the color scheme.

Selecting vi editor and system default editor

If Vim - and only Vim - is installed, the vi command should launch Vim. If other vi-like editors are installed, eselect may be used to choose which editor the vi command launches.

The text editor article may also be of interest for setting a system default editor, if Vim is to be set as the default.

Gentoo syntax

To enable support for the Gentoo syntax plugin (app-vim/gentoo-syntax) within vim, add the following lines to the user's ~/.vimrc file:

파일 ~/.vimrc

filetype plugin on
filetype indent on

leave_my_textwidth_alone

By default, Vim and Neovim do not hard-wrap lines, i.e., typing on a line longer than a certain length does not create a new line. However, Gentoo installs config files for Vim and Neovim that cause lines longer than 78 characters in .txt files to be hard-wrapped. To override this behavior, the following should be specified in the user's ~/.vimrc file:

파일 ~/.vimrc

let g:leave_my_textwidth_alone=1

bug #559800 contains some discussion around this issue.

사용법

Invocation

From the command line:

user $vim --help

vim --help
VIM - Vi IMproved 8.2 (2019 Dec 12, compiled Nov 26 2021 11:56:27)
 
Usage: vim [arguments] [file ..]       edit specified file(s)
   or: vim [arguments] -               read text from stdin
   or: vim [arguments] -t tag          edit file where tag is defined
   or: vim [arguments] -q [errorfile]  edit file with first error
 
Arguments:
   --			Only file names after this
   -v			Vi mode (like "vi")
   -e			Ex mode (like "ex")
   -E			Improved Ex mode
   -s			Silent (batch) mode (only for "ex")
   -d			Diff mode (like "vimdiff")
   -y			Easy mode (like "evim", modeless)
   -R			Readonly mode (like "view")
   -Z			Restricted mode (like "rvim")
   -m			Modifications (writing files) not allowed
   -M			Modifications in text not allowed
   -b			Binary mode
   -l			Lisp mode
   -C			Compatible with Vi: 'compatible'
   -N			Not fully Vi compatible: 'nocompatible'
   -V[N][fname]		Be verbose [level N] [log messages to fname]
   -D			Debugging mode
   -n			No swap file, use memory only
   -r			List swap files and exit
   -r (with file name)	Recover crashed session
   -L			Same as -r
   -A			Start in Arabic mode
   -H			Start in Hebrew mode
   -T <terminal>	Set terminal type to <terminal>
   --not-a-term		Skip warning for input/output not being a terminal
   --ttyfail		Exit if input or output is not a terminal
   -u <vimrc>		Use <vimrc> instead of any .vimrc
   --noplugin		Don't load plugin scripts
   -p[N]		Open N tab pages (default: one for each file)
   -o[N]		Open N windows (default: one for each file)
   -O[N]		Like -o but split vertically
   +			Start at end of file
   +<lnum>		Start at line <lnum>
   --cmd <command>	Execute <command> before loading any vimrc file
   -c <command>		Execute <command> after loading the first file
   -S <session>		Source file <session> after loading the first file
   -s <scriptin>	Read Normal mode commands from file <scriptin>
   -w <scriptout>	Append all typed commands to file <scriptout>
   -W <scriptout>	Write all typed commands to file <scriptout>
   -x			Edit encrypted files
   --startuptime <file>	Write startup timing messages to <file>
   -i <viminfo>		Use <viminfo> instead of .viminfo
   --clean		'nocompatible', Vim defaults, no plugins, no viminfo
   -h  or  --help	Print Help (this message) and exit
   --version		Print version information and exit

The vi command may also be used to launch Vim, if so configured.

Specify a name, to open an existing file, or to create a new one:

user $vim <filename>

시작하기

Vim은 30분 정도의 시간이 필요한 내장형 따라하기 문서가 있습니다. vimtutor 명령으로 시작하십시오:

user $vimtutor

요령

명령행에서 ex 또는 ed처럼 vim 사용

Vim을 한 줄 작성기로 사용할 수 있습니다. 스크립트 또는 명령줄에서 의도치 않은 방법으로 내용을 바꿀때 사용할 수 있는 명령이 있습니다.

다음 명령에서는 file.txt 파일의 각각의 줄 앞에 #을 추가합니다:

user $vim -c ":%s/^/#/g" -c ":x" file.txt

Vim에 (-c 옵션을 통해) 명령을 전달하여 해석하고 처리하게 합니다. 첫번째 명령은 Vim의 대리 명령( sed와 매우 유사)이며, 그 다음 명령은 저장하고 편집기를 빠져나가는 Vim 명령입니다.

파일 인코딩 바꾸기

파일 인코딩을 UTF-8로 바꾸려면 다음 명령을(Vim 명령 모드에서) 사용하십시오:

:e ++enc=utf8

앞에서 보여드린 요령처럼 마찬가지로 명령줄에서도 처리할 수 있습니다:

user $vim -c ":wq! ++enc=utf8" file.txt

Troubleshooting

I'm trapped in vim!

For someone entering vim without first having learned how to use it, it may not be obvious how to quit.

Press esc several times, then :, q, enter. To quit without saving, press esc several times, then :, q, !, enter.

If several files are open, try pressing esc several times, then :, q, a, enter. To quit without saving, press esc several times, then :, q, a, !, enter.

If this doesn't help, and desperate measures are needed, something like killall vim may be a last ditch solution (from another terminal). Beware that this will terminate all the vim sessions for a user, without saving. If run as root, such a command will terminate all vim sessions for all users on the system.

Pastes are being tabbed

Say the following text is trying to be pasted into a Vim buffer:

코드 Sample tabbed data

some:
  yaml:
    - data
    - structured
  in:
    - this
    - shape
  that:
    - VIM
    - may 
not: like

Vim may interpret this with autotabbing, breaking the paste:

코드 Vim misinterpretation

some:
  yaml:
      - data
          - structured
	   in:
	       - this
		   - shape
		     that:
		         - VIM
			     - may 
			     not: like

To correct this, run the following command: :set paste to enable Vim's paste mode, once the paste is completed, :set nopaste can be used to go back to the previous settings.

E1187

user $vim foobar

E1187: Failed to source defaults.vim
Press ENTER or type command to continue

Seems solved by destabilize 8.2.4328.

추가 참조

• Vim 배우기 - vim 사용법을 상당히 자세하게 설명합니다.

외부 자료

• Vim 문서 는 HTML, PDF, PS 형식의 설명서 (aka ":help" and Free VIM OPL Book), 자주 묻는 질문, 절차 설명, 따라하기 내용이 있습니다.
• A vim Tutorial and Primer - 최고의 vim 지침서. 우선 읽어보십시오.
• VIM Scripts/Plugins
• Vim for Humans (무료 전자책) - 복재한 후 소스 디렉터리로 cd 명령을 통해 이동한 후, mkdir dist 명령을 수행하고, rst/en/Makefile 에서 SPHINXBUILD의 sphinx2-build 명령 이름을 sphinx-build 로 바꾸십시오. 그 다음 ./makedist.sh 명령을 실행하십시오. ./dist/vimpourleshumains/의 PDF 파일을 살펴보십시오.
• Learning the vi and Vim Editors, 7th Edition  O'Reilly  Print ISBN: 978-0-596-52983-3, Ebook ISBN: 978-0-596-15935-1

References