Xfce

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Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment built to be fast, good looking, and user friendly.

Prerequisites

Selecting a profile

Important
Read relevant documentation before performing any profile changes.

Using the basic desktop profile will provide a good set of defaults for Xfce. Other profiles can be used, but this gives a good balance between dependencies and usability, all else aside. To select the desktop profile:

root #eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop

Avoiding unnecessary dependencies

The package app-text/poppler will be pulled in as a dependency when emerging Xfce. On desktop profiles, this package will use the qt5 USE flag by default, and so will pull in Qt dependencies that may not be needed for Xfce. One way to avoid this is to disable this USE flag for poppler:

FILE /etc/portage/package.use/xfceUnset qt5 USE flag for poppler

app-text/poppler -qt5

Of course, -qt5 can also added to /etc/portage/make.conf, to unset the flag globally, if desired.

xfce4-notifyd

This is an optional step to install xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd in place of x11-misc/notification-daemon. Skip this section if the choice of notification daemon is unimportant.

Emerging xfce-base/xfce4-meta will pull in the virtual/notification-daemon dependency. This virtual dependency is designed to insure that Xfce will be provided with a notification-daemon, whatever suitable software the user chooses to fulfill this role.

By default, virtual/notification-daemon will satisfy this dependency by drawing in GNOME's x11-misc/notification-daemon package. Xfce users may prefer to use xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd, if a notification-daemon has not already been installed.

By installing xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd before emerging Xfce, the virtual package virtual/notification-daemon will use xfce4-notifyd, and pull in no other packages. Use the --oneshot option to avoid adding xfce4-notifyd to the world file:

root #emerge --ask --oneshot xfce-extra/xfce4-notifyd

Now proceed with the installation.

Installation

USE flags

USE flags for xfce-base/xfce4-meta The Xfce Desktop Environment (meta package)

`+svg`	Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
`archive`	Install app-arch/xarchiver.
`calendar`	Add support for calendars (not using mcal!)
`cdr`	Add support for CD writer hardware
`editor`	Install the app-editors/mousepad text editor.
`image`	Install the media-gfx/ristretto image viewer.
`media`	Install the media-video/parole media player.
`minimal`	Install a very minimal build (disables, for example, plugins, fonts, most drivers, non-critical features)
`mpd`	Install the media-sound/xfmpc MPD client.
`pulseaudio`	Add sound server support via media-libs/libpulse (may be PulseAudio or PipeWire)
`remote-fs`	Install the x11-misc/gigolo frontend to manage remote filesystem connections.
`search`	Install the dev-util/catfish search tool frontend.
`upower`	Enable power management support

Data provided by the Gentoo Package Database · Last update: 2024-11-02 07:09 More information about USE flags

Emerge

Emerge xfce-base/xfce4-meta for a default set of Xfce packages, to get a reasonably complete desktop environment:

root #emerge --ask xfce-base/xfce4-meta

The xfce-base/xfce4-meta package will provide the following user-facing applications, plus some libraries and system software:

Package	Description
x11-terms/xfce4-terminal	Terminal emulator that integrates well with Xfce, "friendlier" than the standard xterm program.
xfce-base/xfce4-panel	Desktop panel with application launchers, panel menus, a workspace switcher, and more.
xfce-base/xfce4-settings	Configuration system for the Xfce desktop environment, providing configuration dialogs and tools.
xfce-base/thunar	Thunar is Xfce's file manager.
xfce-base/xfce4-appfinder	Application finder.
xfce-base/thunar-volman	Manages removable media and drives.
xfce-base/tumbler	File previewer for Thunar.
xfce-base/xfce4-power-manager	An application to monitor and manage power usage (especially important for laptops). Choose maximum-performance or battery-saving modes. Adjust screen brightness and setup hibernate, suspend, and shutdown actions (i.e., when the lid is shut or buttons are pressed). Can warn when the battery reaches certain levels, or even turn off the machine. Includes panel plugins to display battery/charging status, and control brightness.
xfce-extra/xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin	Volume control for the panel. media-sound/volumeicon may be an option for systems without pulseaudio.

To see everything that is installed by xfce-base/xfce4-meta, see the dependency tab for that package on packages.gentoo.org.

It is not strictly necessary to use xfce-base/xfce4-meta, Xfce can be "custom built" by installing just the desired components, but be aware that this requires some knowledge of what is needed.

Additional software

There are a number of additional applications that are part of the Xfce project and are of note:

Package	Description
app-cdr/xfburn	CD burning application.
app-editors/mousepad	Lightweight text editor.
x11-themes/xfwm4-themes	Several window-manager themes.
xfce-extra/thunar-archive-plugin	Plugin for Thunar to work with archives; uses app-arch/file-roller.
xfce-extra/xfce4-battery-plugin	Displays battery percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status, warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power levels, which can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when the battery is almost exhausted.
xfce-extra/xfce4-mount-plugin	One-click mounting of devices listed in /etc/fstab.
xfce-extra/xfce4-sensors-plugin	Monitor hardware sensors, such as CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more.
xfce-extra/xfce4-verve-plugin	A small command line embedded into the panel; quicker than opening up another terminal to run a command.

This is just a partial selection of packages available in the Gentoo repository, see xfce-extra , or use eix (eix --category xfce-extra), to see packages from the xfce-extra category. See also https://www.xfce.org/projects/ for more information.

The following applications work well in Xfce to round out a basic desktop environment:

Package	Description
x11-misc/alacarte	GNOME's menu editor works fine in Xfce.
x11-terms/tilda	Lightweight quake-style terminal emulator.

Usage

Launching Xfce

Xfce can either be run from a terminal after login, launched automatically after login, or be started by a graphical display manager that will greet the user and ask for login details.

Starting Xfce without a display manager

startx and startxfce4 are two of the readily available options for starting Xfce without using a display manager.

startx

When using startx, create an ~/.xinitrc file with the following contents:

FILE ~/.xinitrcStarting xfce4 when invoking startx

exec startxfce4

If experiencing authorization or permissions issues, see the troubleshooting section.

startxfce4

To launch the Xfce4 desktop, simply type startxfce4 at the command-line and press enter:

user $startxfce4

Display managers

It is possible to use a display manager to start Xfce. Please refer to the display manager article to configure a display manager.

Most display managers use .desktop files to configure available sessions. The following is an example desktop file that could be used to launch Xfce via a display manager:

FILE xfce4.desktopXfce4 desktop file for display managers

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Xfce4
Comment=Use this session to run Xfce 4 as desktop environment
Exec=/usr/bin/startxfce4
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/xfce4_xicon1.png
Type=Application

The desktop file can be placed in the right location for the display manager.

Configuration

Xfce is a desktop environment and as such can be tuned and tailored to the needs of (almost) every user. In this section, a number of popular (or more challenging) aspects are covered.

Volume keys

Install xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulse to manage the volume keys:

root #emerge --ask xfce-extra/xfce4-volumed-pulse

media-sound/tudor-volumed may be an option for systems not using pulseaudio.

Alternatively, custom keys can be bound to amixer by running xfce4-keyboard-settings:

volume up button: amixer set Master 5%+
volume down button: amixer set Master 5%-
mute button: amixer set Master toggle

Consistent GTK 3 themes

One option is to use the Greybird theme, which has support for GTK 2, GTK 3, xfwm4, emerald, and metacity:

root #emerge --ask x11-themes/greybird

Go to Xfce menu -> Settings -> Appearance. Or run xfce4-appearance-settings. Select "Greybird" from the "Style" list.

Now GTK 2 and GTK 3 applications should have a consistent look.

GTK client side decorations

XFCE by default disables GTK client side decorations. If one wishes to enable them, they can set GTK_CSD=1 environment variable. Apps like Firefox use client side decorations to hide their own title bar.

Other themes

Other themes available in Portage that are compatible with XFCE can be emerged with the following list:

root #

emerge --ask x11-themes/clearlooks-phenix x11-themes/gnome-themes-standard x11-themes/light-themes x11-themes/murrine-themes x11-themes/shiki-colors x11-themes/tactile3 x11-themes/zukini

Troubleshooting

Enable vertical window snapping

Most modern desktop environments have vertical window snapping enabled by default. This is also possible in Xfce, but not by default. To enable, navigate to: Settings → Window manager → Advanced tab.

Make sure the "Snap windows to screen border" checkbox has been checked.
Make sure the checkboxes under "Wrap workspaces when reaching the screen edge" have been unchecked. These interfere with vertical window snapping.

Once the checkboxes are set it should be now possible to drag a window to the right or left side of the screen, which should cause the window to resize to 50% of the screen width.

Keyboard shortcuts can be set in order to do this via the typical Super+← or Super+→ behavior. Navigate to Settings → Window manager → Keyboard tab.

Set the "Tile window to the left" and "Tile window to the right" actions with the Super+← and Super+→ key combinations respectively.

Audio mixer complains about missing pavucontrol binary

Clicking the speaker (audio) icon in the panel and then selecting Audio mixer... results in a message saying "pavucontrol binary not found".

The solution is to install media-sound/pavucontrol:

root #emerge --ask media-sound/pavucontrol

Xfce4-screensaver unable to unlock

Xfce-screensaver uses gnome-keyring by default to authenticate. By applying the installation method above, gnome-keyring will not be pulled and pam will be unable to service the default configuration installed in /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver. Either pull gnome-keyring, otherwise the file should be modified to allow system-auth to be used on passwords:

FILE /etc/pam.d/xfce4-screensaver

auth include system-auth
password include system-auth

Authorization or permissions issues

When experiencing authorization or permissions issues within xfce4 in an OpenRC profile (symptoms include being unable to open power manager and unable to suspend/hibernate) make sure that sys-auth/elogind is installed and properly configured, and that the elogind USE flag is globally enabled.

If launching with startx, replace the appropriate line in ~/.xinitrc with the following:

FILE ~/.xinitrcStarting xfce4 the right way when invoking startx

exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session xfce4-session

Dual-monitors get mirrored after monitor suspend

There are (at least) three ways to solve this issue. First is to save the display settings as the default monitor layout profile, then enable that profile as "new monitors connect". There's also the option to show a dialog whenever new monitors are detected, which will default to the profile instead of mirroring, when one is available. Navigate to Settings -> Display -> Advanced to find these options. Remember to configure the display settings before saving the first profile.

2nd way is to kill xfsettingsd after logging to the Xfce session. However this will also make some functionality unavailable, such as global hotkeys. A custom script can be created that kills the service, and add that to the autostarting applications list.

3rd is to have a custom script that can be executed via a .desktop icon on the desktop, panel, or ran manually each time the monitors are turned on.

Review the monitor IDs using the xrandr command.

The custom script could look something like the following:

FILE ~/bin/configuremonitors.shconfiguremonitors.sh

xrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --right-of DisplayPort-0 --auto